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教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1.Words&expressions
Camp,ash(tray),dirt,valley,beyond,cave,thirst,sunburnt,system,spiritual,faith,elder,curiously,underground,starve,thus,percentage,precious,fence,task,outdoors,shave,argue;
Bonny,Italy,Italian,Kooris,aborigines,koala,dingo
Fixup,handdown,ratherthan,givebirthto,roundup,beexperiencedat,
2.DailyEnglish
1)Becareful!2)Lookout!3)Takecare4)Don''''tdo...5)Youmustn''''tdo...
3.Grammar:The-ingformsasobjectcomplementandadverbial
II.Teachingaimsindevelopingcompetence
Todeveloptheabilitiesoflistening,speaking,reading,andwritingabilities.
1.Todeveloptheabilityofcommunication.
2.Todeveloptheabilityofexpressingprohibitionandwarnings.
3.Todeveloptheabilityofusing-ingFormasobjectcomplementandadverbial.
4.TodevelopthepracticalskillsofusingEnglish,especiallyintalkingaboutacountry.
III.Teachingaimsinmoraleducation
1.Learntocareforothersandthecollective,helpeachother,anddefendstudentsthemselves.
2.Arousestudents''''consciousnessofprotectingtheanimalsandplantsandtheenvironments.
3.Developthespiritofloveofthemotherland
教學(xué)建議
教學(xué)教法:
Lesson9Dialogue
Themainpurposeofthisunitistotrainstudents''''listeningandspeakingability.Throughlearningthewayofexpressingprohibitionandwarningsthestudentsareenabledtousetheexpressionsofremindingpeopleindailylifeanddevelopthespiritofcareforpeopleandhelpeachotherandalsothroughlearningaboutthecontentofthedialoguestudentsareremindedofprotectingthenature.
Teachingkeypoints
1.Inputthedialogueasawholeandmakethestudentsgraspthedialogue.Atthesametime
studentscanmakesimilardialoguerelatedtothedailylife,remindingthemoftheimportanceofprotectingthenature.
2.Aftertheunderstandingofthereadingmaterialsaboutaustralia,helpstudentstotalkaboutChina,theirmotherland,usingwhattheyhavelearnedinthetexts,showingstudents''''loveofourcountry.
Teachingspecialdifficulties
1.Theunderstandingoftheuse-ingFormandtheuseofit.
2.Makingprohibitionandwarningsandgivingreplies.
Teachingmethods
TheSocialCommunicativeMethod
TheInformationcommunicativestyle
Teachingaids
Blackboard;computer;OHP(overheadprojector);taperecorder;relatedpicturesofthisunit
詞語辨析:
1.keepout,keepaway,keepoff
keepout(可以分開)表示“不使……入內(nèi);把……留在外面”。如:
Shutthewindowsandkeepthecoldout.
Danger!Keepout!危險(xiǎn)!切勿入內(nèi)!
keepaway(可分開,后接from)表示“使……不靠近”。如:
Keepawayfromme.I’vegotabadcold.
Parentsshouldkeeptheirsmallchildrenawayfromrivers.
keepoff(可分開)表示“使……離開;從……離開”
Theymadeabigfiretokeepwildanimalsoff.
Keepoffthegrass.請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地。
2.suit,suitable和fit的用法區(qū)別
1)suitable的動(dòng)詞形式是suit,與動(dòng)詞fit都有“合適”之意,但也有區(qū)別。以衣服為例,fit是指大小尺寸合適,而suit則是表示衣服穿著很好看,包括款式和花式都合適。如:
2)(1)Doyouthinkthisstylesuitsme?你覺得這種款式適合我穿嗎?
(2)Theseshoesdon’tfitme—haveyougotalargersize?
這鞋我穿著不合適——你們有大一點(diǎn)的嗎?
(3)Itdoesn''''tsuityoutohaveyourhaircutshort.你頭發(fā)剪短了不好看。
(4)Theseveno''''clocktrainwillsuitusverywell.七點(diǎn)鐘的火車對(duì)我們正合適。
3)形容詞suitable后可接forsth.和tosb.。如:
(1)Idon''''tthinkIshouldbesuitableforthepost.我認(rèn)為自己不適合這個(gè)職位。
(2)Theworkwasnotsuitabletome.那工作不適合我。
4)形容詞fit后只能接介詞for,且句子主語多用人表示。
(1)Thenewmanagerisn’tfitforhisposition.新經(jīng)理不勝任他的職務(wù)。
(2)wouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforwork.要過幾個(gè)月他才能適合工作。
(3)Mysisterisjustfitforajobasteacher.我妹妹正適合教師這一工作。
(4)Theprimeministerwasawise,honestmanwhowasmorefitforhisofficeanyoneelse.
首相是個(gè)聰明、誠(chéng)實(shí)的人,比任何人都稱職。
3.liveby與liveon的用法區(qū)別
liveby意為“以……為生”,by后接動(dòng)名詞,表示方式;liveon也作“以……為主”解釋,但on后接名詞,表示主語主要吃什么,即主食是什么或表示主語的收入。如:
(1)Theylivedbyfishingandhunting.他們靠海獵為生。
(2)ThesixIndianblindmenlivedbybegging.這六個(gè)印度盲人靠乞討為生。
(3)Peopleinthesouthliveonrice.南方人以大米為主食。
(4)Theylivedonasmallincome.他們靠微薄的收入維持生活。
4.takeplace與happen的用法
固定詞組takeplace意為發(fā)生,舉行,多指舉行活動(dòng),發(fā)生某事(可指發(fā)生好事或不好的事),happen多指發(fā)生意外事故,不幸的事。如:
(1)Theopeningoftheplaywilltakeplacetomorrownight.劇的首演式將于明晚舉行。(takeplace不能用happen代換)
(2)Theaccidenttookplaceonlyablockfrommyhome.事故發(fā)生地離我家只一個(gè)街區(qū)。(tookplace可以用happened代換)
動(dòng)詞happen以及詞組takeplace,breakout等只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。如:
(1)Thecaraccidenthappenedlastweek.交通事故發(fā)生在上星期。(不能說:Thecaraccidentwashappenedlastweek.)
(2)ThewarbrokeoutinOctober.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于10月份爆發(fā)。(不能說:ThewarwasbrokenoutinOctober.)
注意:詞組takesb.’splace或taketheplaceofsb./sth.意為代替某人,某物,不可與takeplace混淆。如:
(1)Mybrotherisill,andI’vecometotakehisplace.我兄弟生病了,所以我來代替他。
(2)Plasticshavetakentheplaceofmanyoldmaterials.塑料已經(jīng)取代許多舊材料。
5.比較的修飾及倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法
形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)前,加上某個(gè)狀語成分,會(huì)使比較意義有所增強(qiáng)。例如:
(1)Thisbookisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.這本書比那本書大三倍。
(2)Theyproduced15%morericelastyearthantheydidin1990.
去年他們的水稻產(chǎn)量比1990年的產(chǎn)量增加了百分之十五。
注意:以上可歸納為句型:“Ais…times+adj./adv.(比較級(jí))+thanB.”
另外這一句型還可轉(zhuǎn)化為句型“Ais…timesas+adj./(原級(jí))+asB.”例如:
(1)Atleast,thetrainruns6timesasfastastheboat.
火車的速度至少為小船速度的六倍。
(2)Aftertheexperiment,theplantisfourtimesastallasitwasbefore.
在實(shí)驗(yàn)以后,這種植物為過去高度的四倍。
Grammar教學(xué)建議
BeforeclassaskSstosumuptheuseof–ingFormandinclasstheteachermayhaveacontestamongSswhohavebeendividedintotwoorseveralgroupstoseewhichgrouphasdonethejobbest.InthiswaySswillusuallyhaveagoodpreparationoftheirworkandwillbewillingtodowhatseemsboringtothem,whichisthenecessitytolearnwell.Theteachermayaddwhathasbeenleftoutandhaveasummary.Afterthat,enoughexercisesareneededtohelpSstouse,understand,rememberandmasterwhattheyhavelearned.OnlythroughtheuseofthelanguagecanSsreallygetwhattheyarerequiredtoget.
Grammar---ingForm
Revisingtheuseof–ingformsoftheverbsandmakeSsgrasptheuseofit.
I.v+ing的句法功能:
1.作主語??芍苯幼髦髡Z,表示一般抽象概念時(shí),可以與不定式互換,但在句型“Itisnouse/good”等候一般用動(dòng)名詞。
e.g.Itisnogoodsmokingtoomuch.
Seeingisbelieving.
2.作賓語。有些動(dòng)詞可以直接跟v.-ing作賓語,
如:mind,miss,enjoy,escape,prevent,practice,postpone,suffer,suggest,keep(on),avoid,admit,bear,deny,advise,delay,risk,resist,finish,fancy,excuse,imagine,consider,can’thelp,
下列“vi.+介詞或副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞,后接v.-ing作賓語。
succeedin,approveof,perseverein,inquireof,persistin,complainof,insiston,aimat,benefitfrom,burstout,cannothelp,bebusy(in),beonthepointof,feellike,guardagainst,giveup,goon,keepon,leaveoff,putoff,beusedto,objectto,beaccustomedto,referto,beopposedto,stickto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,lookforwardto,turnto,comenearto,devoteoneselfto,dueto,payattentionto,befaithfulto,beequalto,befamiliarto,besentencedto…
e.g.WeenjoylearningEnglish.
Heinsistedonseeingtheexhibition.
Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyou.
Themayorconsideredbuildinganewtown-hall.
3.作表語。作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容或表示狀態(tài),說明主語的特點(diǎn)(這是主語是v.-ing形式的執(zhí)行者)。
e.g.OuraimisstudyingEnglishwell.
Hisspeechisveryexciting.
4.作定語。表示主動(dòng),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句,表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行;或說明用途或作用。(單個(gè)一詞作定語,須放在所修飾詞的前面;短語作定語須放在所修飾詞的后面)
e.g.Theladytalking(whoistalking)withhimisadoctor.
Willtheswimmingpoolbeopen?
Themanwalkingbythelakeisascientist.
5.作補(bǔ)語。作賓語有兩個(gè)特征:一是賓語與v.–ing有主謂關(guān)系,且賓語是v+ing動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;二是v.+-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
e.g.Weheardtheboycryingthere.
Youcanseethemperformingeverynight.
WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundhimlisteningtotheradio.
跟v+ing作補(bǔ)語的詞常是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,如notice,see,hear,watch,get,feel,have,find,keep,observe,lookat,listento,smelletc.
6.作狀語。常作表示原因、時(shí)間、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或方式狀語。其邏輯主語是句子的主語且句子的主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。
e.g.Beingblind,howcouldtheyseeanelephant?
Hesatatthedeskreadingabook.
Seeingfromthehill,wefindthecitybeautiful.
II.NOTES
V+ing形式一般式和完成式,有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài),共四種形式,以tell為例
askingbeingasked
havingaskedhavingbeenasked
一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)(或在其后)發(fā)生;進(jìn)行式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。
e.g.Heisproudofbeinglearned.(Heisproudthatheislearned.)
IamsureofJohn’scomingintime.(IamsurethatJohnwillcomeintime.)
Iamsureofhishavingbeenelected.(Iamthathehasbeenelected.)
V+ing的否定形式是在V+ing前加not.
e.g.Whatistroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughknowledgeaboutcomputer.
Nottakinganybiscuitsthatmorning,wehadnothingtoeatlater.
有些動(dòng)詞接不定式和V+ing,意思基本一樣。如begin,start,continue,plan,can’tbear,like,love,hate,prefer,intend…
e.g.Let’scontinuetostudy/studyinglaw.(讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)法律。)
但,有些表示系惡的動(dòng)詞,如like,love,hate,prefer,intend…,接v+ing表示一般的喜惡,接不定式表示特別的情況。
e.g.Idon’tlikegoingtothetheatrealone.(一般情況)
I’dliketogotothetheatreifyouwithme.(特殊)
下列動(dòng)詞或短語,need,want,require,bear,demand,beworth…接v+ing的主動(dòng)形式,表示被動(dòng)意義,與接不定式的被動(dòng)形式意義大致相同。
e.g.Thisproblemneedslookinginto.(Thisproblemneedstobelookedinto.)
Thisbookisworthreadingtwice.(Thisbookisworthtobereadtwice.)
在下列動(dòng)詞或短語后,如,stop,remember,forget,regret,try,mean,goon,goafraid…
可以接v+ing也可以接不定式,但意義不同。
e.g.Iremembertofillouttheform.(我記得要填表。)(表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。)
Irememberfillingouttheform.(我記得一天表了。)(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。)
Istoppedtoeat.(我停下別的事,來吃飯。)(停止手中事去做另一件事。)
Istoppedeating.(我停止吃飯。)(停止正做的事。)
IregrettosayIcan’tstayhereanylonger.(我很抱歉的說我不能在此久留。)(表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。)
Iregretleaving/havingleftyou.(我后悔離開了你。)(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。)
Hetriedtowritebetter.(我力圖把字寫得好些。)(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力。。。)
Hetriedknockingatthebackdoor.(他試著悄悄后門。)(試試去做<看看有何結(jié)果>)
Ishouldliketoberich.(butIampoor.)(我很想富有。(但我很窮))
Ilikebeingrich.(Iamrich.)(我喜歡富有。(我已富有))
Iforgettobringmyumbrella.(我忘記帶傘了。)(表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。)
Iwillneverforgetseeingyou.(我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見到你的情景。)(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。)
Imeanttocallonhim.(我想去看望他。)(打算做。。。)
Thismeanswastingtime.(這就意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)(意味著;也就是。。。)
Havingwashedtheclothes,Iwentontosweepthefloor.(我洗衣服接著就掃地。)(干完一件事,接著干另一件事。)
Theywentondoingtheirworkafterashortrest.(他們休息一會(huì)兒,又繼續(xù)干活了。)(一直做同一件事。)
Theenemywasafraidtocomeafterus.(敵人不敢追我們。)(不敢去做一件事。)
Shewasafraidofmakingmistakes.(她怕犯錯(cuò)誤。)(害怕某一結(jié)果。)
補(bǔ)充常用v+ing的句型。
1.go+doing的結(jié)構(gòu),表示“去干某事”的意思,多指從事與體育、娛樂有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。例如:
gofishing去釣魚gohunting去打獵goriding去騎馬
goshopping去購物godancing去跳舞goclimbing去爬山
goboating去劃船goclimbing去爬山goshooting去射擊
gofarming去務(wù)農(nóng)goteaching從教gonursing當(dāng)護(hù)士
gosoldiering當(dāng)兵gonutting采堅(jiān)果
2.Thereisno+v+ing表示“是不可能的”
e.g.Thereisnoknowinghowoldshiis.
=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.
=Wedon’tknowhowoldsheis.
3.on+v+ing表示“一。。。就。。?!?/p>
e.g.Onhearingthisnews,Ichangedmyplan.
4.havedifficulty,trouble,aproblem,ahard/goodtime,(等表示情感的詞)+(in)+v+ing.表示“。。。有困難(麻煩。。。)”
e.g.Wehavedifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.
5.keep,stop,restrain,hold+Sb./Sth.+from+v+ing…表示“阻止某人/某物做謀事”
e.g.Nothingcanstopmefromgoingtoschool.
V+ing在句中作賓語、表語或主語時(shí),如果它的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一樣時(shí),要有自己的邏輯主語。用“物主代詞、名詞所有格、名詞通格、代詞賓格”在v+ing前面表示邏輯主語。作賓語和表語時(shí),常用物主代詞、所有格、通格、賓格;作主語時(shí),常用所有格和物主代詞。
e.g.Theircomingtohelpuswasagreatencouragementtous.
DoesheobjecttoXiaoMing’sjoiningtheamateurdramagroup?
Idon’tlikemysister’sgoingtosuchaplace.(=Idon’tlikemysistergoingtosuchaplace.)
Pleaseexcusemy/metroublingyouwithmyproblems.
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(AbsoluteConstruction)
狀語有時(shí)可以由一名或代詞和另一個(gè)成分構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任,稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾類:
1)名詞或代詞+分詞
e.g.Helayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.
Thestormhavingdestroyedtheirsmallroom,theyhadtoliveinacave.
2)名詞或代詞+形容詞
e.g.Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.
3)名詞或代詞+副詞
e.g.heputonhissockswrongsideout.
4)名詞或代詞+不定式
e.g.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetoconeoutnextmonth.
5)名詞或代詞+介詞短語
e.g.Thetwosoldierswentupthemountain,guninhand