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Australia英語教案

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教學(xué)目標(biāo)

1.Words&expressions

Camp,ash(tray),dirt,valley,beyond,cave,thirst,sunburnt,system,spiritual,faith,elder,curiously,underground,starve,thus,percentage,precious,fence,task,outdoors,shave,argue;

Bonny,Italy,Italian,Kooris,aborigines,koala,dingo

Fixup,handdown,ratherthan,givebirthto,roundup,beexperiencedat,

2.DailyEnglish

1)Becareful!2)Lookout!3)Takecare4)Don''''tdo...5)Youmustn''''tdo...

3.Grammar:The-ingformsasobjectcomplementandadverbial

II.Teachingaimsindevelopingcompetence

Todeveloptheabilitiesoflistening,speaking,reading,andwritingabilities.

1.Todeveloptheabilityofcommunication.

2.Todeveloptheabilityofexpressingprohibitionandwarnings.

3.Todeveloptheabilityofusing-ingFormasobjectcomplementandadverbial.

4.TodevelopthepracticalskillsofusingEnglish,especiallyintalkingaboutacountry.

III.Teachingaimsinmoraleducation

1.Learntocareforothersandthecollective,helpeachother,anddefendstudentsthemselves.

2.Arousestudents''''consciousnessofprotectingtheanimalsandplantsandtheenvironments.

3.Developthespiritofloveofthemotherland

教學(xué)建議

教學(xué)教法:

Lesson9Dialogue

Themainpurposeofthisunitistotrainstudents''''listeningandspeakingability.Throughlearningthewayofexpressingprohibitionandwarningsthestudentsareenabledtousetheexpressionsofremindingpeopleindailylifeanddevelopthespiritofcareforpeopleandhelpeachotherandalsothroughlearningaboutthecontentofthedialoguestudentsareremindedofprotectingthenature.

Teachingkeypoints

1.Inputthedialogueasawholeandmakethestudentsgraspthedialogue.Atthesametime

studentscanmakesimilardialoguerelatedtothedailylife,remindingthemoftheimportanceofprotectingthenature.

2.Aftertheunderstandingofthereadingmaterialsaboutaustralia,helpstudentstotalkaboutChina,theirmotherland,usingwhattheyhavelearnedinthetexts,showingstudents''''loveofourcountry.

Teachingspecialdifficulties

1.Theunderstandingoftheuse-ingFormandtheuseofit.

2.Makingprohibitionandwarningsandgivingreplies.

Teachingmethods

TheSocialCommunicativeMethod

TheInformationcommunicativestyle

Teachingaids

Blackboard;computer;OHP(overheadprojector);taperecorder;relatedpicturesofthisunit

詞語辨析:

1.keepout,keepaway,keepoff

keepout(可以分開)表示“不使……入內(nèi);把……留在外面”。如:

Shutthewindowsandkeepthecoldout.

Danger!Keepout!危險(xiǎn)!切勿入內(nèi)!

keepaway(可分開,后接from)表示“使……不靠近”。如:

Keepawayfromme.I’vegotabadcold.

Parentsshouldkeeptheirsmallchildrenawayfromrivers.

keepoff(可分開)表示“使……離開;從……離開”

Theymadeabigfiretokeepwildanimalsoff.

Keepoffthegrass.請(qǐng)勿踐踏草地。

2.suit,suitable和fit的用法區(qū)別

1)suitable的動(dòng)詞形式是suit,與動(dòng)詞fit都有“合適”之意,但也有區(qū)別。以衣服為例,fit是指大小尺寸合適,而suit則是表示衣服穿著很好看,包括款式和花式都合適。如:

2)(1)Doyouthinkthisstylesuitsme?你覺得這種款式適合我穿嗎?

(2)Theseshoesdon’tfitme—haveyougotalargersize?

這鞋我穿著不合適——你們有大一點(diǎn)的嗎?

(3)Itdoesn''''tsuityoutohaveyourhaircutshort.你頭發(fā)剪短了不好看。

(4)Theseveno''''clocktrainwillsuitusverywell.七點(diǎn)鐘的火車對(duì)我們正合適。

3)形容詞suitable后可接forsth.和tosb.。如:

(1)Idon''''tthinkIshouldbesuitableforthepost.我認(rèn)為自己不適合這個(gè)職位。

(2)Theworkwasnotsuitabletome.那工作不適合我。

4)形容詞fit后只能接介詞for,且句子主語多用人表示。

(1)Thenewmanagerisn’tfitforhisposition.新經(jīng)理不勝任他的職務(wù)。

(2)wouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforwork.要過幾個(gè)月他才能適合工作。

(3)Mysisterisjustfitforajobasteacher.我妹妹正適合教師這一工作。

(4)Theprimeministerwasawise,honestmanwhowasmorefitforhisofficeanyoneelse.

首相是個(gè)聰明、誠(chéng)實(shí)的人,比任何人都稱職。

3.liveby與liveon的用法區(qū)別

liveby意為“以……為生”,by后接動(dòng)名詞,表示方式;liveon也作“以……為主”解釋,但on后接名詞,表示主語主要吃什么,即主食是什么或表示主語的收入。如:

(1)Theylivedbyfishingandhunting.他們靠海獵為生。

(2)ThesixIndianblindmenlivedbybegging.這六個(gè)印度盲人靠乞討為生。

(3)Peopleinthesouthliveonrice.南方人以大米為主食。

(4)Theylivedonasmallincome.他們靠微薄的收入維持生活。

4.takeplace與happen的用法

固定詞組takeplace意為發(fā)生,舉行,多指舉行活動(dòng),發(fā)生某事(可指發(fā)生好事或不好的事),happen多指發(fā)生意外事故,不幸的事。如:

(1)Theopeningoftheplaywilltakeplacetomorrownight.劇的首演式將于明晚舉行。(takeplace不能用happen代換)

(2)Theaccidenttookplaceonlyablockfrommyhome.事故發(fā)生地離我家只一個(gè)街區(qū)。(tookplace可以用happened代換)

動(dòng)詞happen以及詞組takeplace,breakout等只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞,不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。如:

(1)Thecaraccidenthappenedlastweek.交通事故發(fā)生在上星期。(不能說:Thecaraccidentwashappenedlastweek.)

(2)ThewarbrokeoutinOctober.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)于10月份爆發(fā)。(不能說:ThewarwasbrokenoutinOctober.)

注意:詞組takesb.’splace或taketheplaceofsb./sth.意為代替某人,某物,不可與takeplace混淆。如:

(1)Mybrotherisill,andI’vecometotakehisplace.我兄弟生病了,所以我來代替他。

(2)Plasticshavetakentheplaceofmanyoldmaterials.塑料已經(jīng)取代許多舊材料。

5.比較的修飾及倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法

形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)前,加上某個(gè)狀語成分,會(huì)使比較意義有所增強(qiáng)。例如:

(1)Thisbookisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.這本書比那本書大三倍。

(2)Theyproduced15%morericelastyearthantheydidin1990.

去年他們的水稻產(chǎn)量比1990年的產(chǎn)量增加了百分之十五。

注意:以上可歸納為句型:“Ais…times+adj./adv.(比較級(jí))+thanB.”

另外這一句型還可轉(zhuǎn)化為句型“Ais…timesas+adj./(原級(jí))+asB.”例如:

(1)Atleast,thetrainruns6timesasfastastheboat.

火車的速度至少為小船速度的六倍。

(2)Aftertheexperiment,theplantisfourtimesastallasitwasbefore.

在實(shí)驗(yàn)以后,這種植物為過去高度的四倍。

Grammar教學(xué)建議

BeforeclassaskSstosumuptheuseof–ingFormandinclasstheteachermayhaveacontestamongSswhohavebeendividedintotwoorseveralgroupstoseewhichgrouphasdonethejobbest.InthiswaySswillusuallyhaveagoodpreparationoftheirworkandwillbewillingtodowhatseemsboringtothem,whichisthenecessitytolearnwell.Theteachermayaddwhathasbeenleftoutandhaveasummary.Afterthat,enoughexercisesareneededtohelpSstouse,understand,rememberandmasterwhattheyhavelearned.OnlythroughtheuseofthelanguagecanSsreallygetwhattheyarerequiredtoget.

Grammar---ingForm

Revisingtheuseof–ingformsoftheverbsandmakeSsgrasptheuseofit.

I.v+ing的句法功能:

1.作主語??芍苯幼髦髡Z,表示一般抽象概念時(shí),可以與不定式互換,但在句型“Itisnouse/good”等候一般用動(dòng)名詞。

e.g.Itisnogoodsmokingtoomuch.

Seeingisbelieving.

2.作賓語。有些動(dòng)詞可以直接跟v.-ing作賓語,

如:mind,miss,enjoy,escape,prevent,practice,postpone,suffer,suggest,keep(on),avoid,admit,bear,deny,advise,delay,risk,resist,finish,fancy,excuse,imagine,consider,can’thelp,

下列“vi.+介詞或副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞,后接v.-ing作賓語。

succeedin,approveof,perseverein,inquireof,persistin,complainof,insiston,aimat,benefitfrom,burstout,cannothelp,bebusy(in),beonthepointof,feellike,guardagainst,giveup,goon,keepon,leaveoff,putoff,beusedto,objectto,beaccustomedto,referto,beopposedto,stickto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,lookforwardto,turnto,comenearto,devoteoneselfto,dueto,payattentionto,befaithfulto,beequalto,befamiliarto,besentencedto…

e.g.WeenjoylearningEnglish.

Heinsistedonseeingtheexhibition.

Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyou.

Themayorconsideredbuildinganewtown-hall.

3.作表語。作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容或表示狀態(tài),說明主語的特點(diǎn)(這是主語是v.-ing形式的執(zhí)行者)。

e.g.OuraimisstudyingEnglishwell.

Hisspeechisveryexciting.

4.作定語。表示主動(dòng),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句,表示動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行;或說明用途或作用。(單個(gè)一詞作定語,須放在所修飾詞的前面;短語作定語須放在所修飾詞的后面)

e.g.Theladytalking(whoistalking)withhimisadoctor.

Willtheswimmingpoolbeopen?

Themanwalkingbythelakeisascientist.

5.作補(bǔ)語。作賓語有兩個(gè)特征:一是賓語與v.–ing有主謂關(guān)系,且賓語是v+ing動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;二是v.+-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。

e.g.Weheardtheboycryingthere.

Youcanseethemperformingeverynight.

WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundhimlisteningtotheradio.

跟v+ing作補(bǔ)語的詞常是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,如notice,see,hear,watch,get,feel,have,find,keep,observe,lookat,listento,smelletc.

6.作狀語。常作表示原因、時(shí)間、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或方式狀語。其邏輯主語是句子的主語且句子的主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。

e.g.Beingblind,howcouldtheyseeanelephant?

Hesatatthedeskreadingabook.

Seeingfromthehill,wefindthecitybeautiful.

II.NOTES

V+ing形式一般式和完成式,有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài),共四種形式,以tell為例

askingbeingasked

havingaskedhavingbeenasked

一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)(或在其后)發(fā)生;進(jìn)行式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。

e.g.Heisproudofbeinglearned.(Heisproudthatheislearned.)

IamsureofJohn’scomingintime.(IamsurethatJohnwillcomeintime.)

Iamsureofhishavingbeenelected.(Iamthathehasbeenelected.)

V+ing的否定形式是在V+ing前加not.

e.g.Whatistroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughknowledgeaboutcomputer.

Nottakinganybiscuitsthatmorning,wehadnothingtoeatlater.

有些動(dòng)詞接不定式和V+ing,意思基本一樣。如begin,start,continue,plan,can’tbear,like,love,hate,prefer,intend…

e.g.Let’scontinuetostudy/studyinglaw.(讓我們繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)法律。)

但,有些表示系惡的動(dòng)詞,如like,love,hate,prefer,intend…,接v+ing表示一般的喜惡,接不定式表示特別的情況。

e.g.Idon’tlikegoingtothetheatrealone.(一般情況)

I’dliketogotothetheatreifyouwithme.(特殊)

下列動(dòng)詞或短語,need,want,require,bear,demand,beworth…接v+ing的主動(dòng)形式,表示被動(dòng)意義,與接不定式的被動(dòng)形式意義大致相同。

e.g.Thisproblemneedslookinginto.(Thisproblemneedstobelookedinto.)

Thisbookisworthreadingtwice.(Thisbookisworthtobereadtwice.)

在下列動(dòng)詞或短語后,如,stop,remember,forget,regret,try,mean,goon,goafraid…

可以接v+ing也可以接不定式,但意義不同。

e.g.Iremembertofillouttheform.(我記得要填表。)(表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。)

Irememberfillingouttheform.(我記得一天表了。)(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。)

Istoppedtoeat.(我停下別的事,來吃飯。)(停止手中事去做另一件事。)

Istoppedeating.(我停止吃飯。)(停止正做的事。)

IregrettosayIcan’tstayhereanylonger.(我很抱歉的說我不能在此久留。)(表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。)

Iregretleaving/havingleftyou.(我后悔離開了你。)(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。)

Hetriedtowritebetter.(我力圖把字寫得好些。)(設(shè)法,努力去做,盡力。。。)

Hetriedknockingatthebackdoor.(他試著悄悄后門。)(試試去做<看看有何結(jié)果>)

Ishouldliketoberich.(butIampoor.)(我很想富有。(但我很窮))

Ilikebeingrich.(Iamrich.)(我喜歡富有。(我已富有))

Iforgettobringmyumbrella.(我忘記帶傘了。)(表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。)

Iwillneverforgetseeingyou.(我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見到你的情景。)(表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生了。)

Imeanttocallonhim.(我想去看望他。)(打算做。。。)

Thismeanswastingtime.(這就意味著浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。)(意味著;也就是。。。)

Havingwashedtheclothes,Iwentontosweepthefloor.(我洗衣服接著就掃地。)(干完一件事,接著干另一件事。)

Theywentondoingtheirworkafterashortrest.(他們休息一會(huì)兒,又繼續(xù)干活了。)(一直做同一件事。)

Theenemywasafraidtocomeafterus.(敵人不敢追我們。)(不敢去做一件事。)

Shewasafraidofmakingmistakes.(她怕犯錯(cuò)誤。)(害怕某一結(jié)果。)

補(bǔ)充常用v+ing的句型。

1.go+doing的結(jié)構(gòu),表示“去干某事”的意思,多指從事與體育、娛樂有關(guān)的活動(dòng)。例如:

gofishing去釣魚gohunting去打獵goriding去騎馬

goshopping去購物godancing去跳舞goclimbing去爬山

goboating去劃船goclimbing去爬山goshooting去射擊

gofarming去務(wù)農(nóng)goteaching從教gonursing當(dāng)護(hù)士

gosoldiering當(dāng)兵gonutting采堅(jiān)果

2.Thereisno+v+ing表示“是不可能的”

e.g.Thereisnoknowinghowoldshiis.

=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.

=Wedon’tknowhowoldsheis.

3.on+v+ing表示“一。。。就。。?!?/p>

e.g.Onhearingthisnews,Ichangedmyplan.

4.havedifficulty,trouble,aproblem,ahard/goodtime,(等表示情感的詞)+(in)+v+ing.表示“。。。有困難(麻煩。。。)”

e.g.Wehavedifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.

5.keep,stop,restrain,hold+Sb./Sth.+from+v+ing…表示“阻止某人/某物做謀事”

e.g.Nothingcanstopmefromgoingtoschool.

V+ing在句中作賓語、表語或主語時(shí),如果它的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一樣時(shí),要有自己的邏輯主語。用“物主代詞、名詞所有格、名詞通格、代詞賓格”在v+ing前面表示邏輯主語。作賓語和表語時(shí),常用物主代詞、所有格、通格、賓格;作主語時(shí),常用所有格和物主代詞。

e.g.Theircomingtohelpuswasagreatencouragementtous.

DoesheobjecttoXiaoMing’sjoiningtheamateurdramagroup?

Idon’tlikemysister’sgoingtosuchaplace.(=Idon’tlikemysistergoingtosuchaplace.)

Pleaseexcusemy/metroublingyouwithmyproblems.

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(AbsoluteConstruction)

狀語有時(shí)可以由一名或代詞和另一個(gè)成分構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任,稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾類:

1)名詞或代詞+分詞

e.g.Helayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.

Thestormhavingdestroyedtheirsmallroom,theyhadtoliveinacave.

2)名詞或代詞+形容詞

e.g.Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.

3)名詞或代詞+副詞

e.g.heputonhissockswrongsideout.

4)名詞或代詞+不定式

e.g.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetoconeoutnextmonth.

5)名詞或代詞+介詞短語

e.g.Thetwosoldierswentupthemountain,guninhand

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